Business Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Accounting - Essay Example Acer Group produced incomes of $14.74 billion of every 2012 (Acer-gathering, 2012). Its incomes diminished by 9.62% in correlation with the earlier year. The gross benefit of the organization was $1.48 billion and its gross edge rose to 10.04%. Net edge is a proportion of the expansive productivity of the organization. In spite of its strong expansive gainfulness the organization brought about in overall deficits for the time of $99.88 million. Its overall deficits for 2012 were lower than the 2011 misfortunes of $226.59 million. The net edge of the firm was - 0.68%. Net edge quantifies the total benefit of a firm. The arrival on resources (ROA) of Acer Group was - 0.04%. ROA demonstrates how productive a firm is according to its benefits (Investopedia, 2013). The arrival on resources of Acer Group was awful for two reasons. First the measurement result was negative. A negative ROA is a bothersome result. The subsequent explanation is that it was beneath the PC business normal ROA of 4.4% (Dun and Bradstreet, 2013). The arrival on value (ROE) of the firm was - 0.13%. Acer Group’s return on value is a lot of lower than the business normal of 9.7%. The present proportion gauges the capacity of an organization to take care of its momentary obligation (Accountingexplained, 2013). This proportion is determined separating current resources by current liabilities. Acer Group had a present proportion of 1.19. Its present proportion is satisfactory on the grounds that is over the 1.0 edge, however it is 1.01 beneath the business normal current proportion of 2.20. The brisk proportion is another liquidity metric. It is determined comparably than the present proportion with the special case that stock is deducted from current resources in the numerator of the recipe. The speedy proportion of Acer Group was 0.89 which is lower than the business normal of 1.50. The working capital of a business is determined taking away current liabilities from current resources. Ace r Group had a working capital in 2012 of $954,888,000. This measurement gauges the capacity of the organization to take care of its transient obligation utilizing exclusively its present resources. The obligation proportion quantifies how much an organization depends on obligation to back its benefits (Investorwords, 2013). It is determined partitioning complete obligation by all out resources. Acer Group had an obligation proportion in 2012 of 0.67. Considering its size the organization isn't also utilized which permits the alternative of utilizing extra obligation later on to extend. The obligation to value proportion of the association was 0.49. This proportion gauges the measure of benefits being given by lenders to every dollar of advantages being given by investors (Garrison and Noreen, 2003). The obligation to value proportion of Acer Group is lower than the business normal of 0.82. Acer Group has relied less upon obligation than its opposition. The stock turnover of the orga nization was 8.91. This infers the organization sold its stock almost multiple times during the year. The normal deal time of the firm was 40.95 days, consequently it took the organization under 41 days to sell its whole stock. The resource for deals proportion of the business was 52.77% which is somewhat underneath the business standard of 53.40%. The deal to working capital proportion of the firm was 15.43. This proportion is acceptable considering the way that the business standard is just 3.50. The occasions premium earned proportion quantifies the company’s capacity to make premium installments. Acer Group had multiple times premium earned proportion of 1.25. Undertaking 2 The regular loads of Acer are exchanging the market under the image ACEIF. The stocks were estimated at $3.02 as of December 25, 2013 (Yahoo, 2013).

Mule Killers Essay Example for Free

Donkey Killers Essay â€Å"Mule Killers†, 2004 by Lydia Peele is the holding story of adoration and the troubles around it. It manages issues, for example, parenthood, kinship and marriage, including the contentions encompassing these. Lydia Peele presents the tale of a dad telling his child, who is the storyteller, an account from his initial life. The tale is a troubled romantic tale of the narrator’s father’s love life, and the relationship to the narrator’s granddad. In a story with its underlying foundations in provincial America, an a lot further story shows up. This is an account of adoration, trust and the choices of life. It is the account of the battles and challenges that are a piece of life. The story, set in the wide open of the USA, presents a gathering of fascinating characters with solid characters, that each have their method of taking part to the story. It is particularly the dad and the granddad that have extraordinary importance to the Lydia Peele’s short story. The granddad is introduced as a man who fears relinquishing his standard environmental factors and propensities. This is seen on line 77-78, page 4. The granddad tells the dad: †You’re going to see a future I can’t even stretch my psyche around. No of it. I can’t even start to imagine†. The way that he has such challenges envisioning the future, focuses towards the end that he would prefer to embrace the here and now. He would prefer to carry on with his good old life and not stress over what's to come. The grandfather’s perspective appears to be antiquated and by and large moderate. At the point when his child clarifies how he coincidentally impregnated a young lady, without having any goals of wedding her, the conservatism radiates through. The granddad answers on line 86-87, page 4â€Å"This is wrong†¦You got no decision yet to deal with it. This is wrong†. The two unique universes of child and father conflict, and the genuine contrasts are appeared. Despite the fact that father and child view the world with various perspectives, the child despite everything has gigantic regard for his dad. His dad is really his good example, which is likewise appeared all through the content: â€Å"My father has his father’s tallness, and he conveys it apologetically†(line 7, page 2). The word â€Å"apolegitacally† focuses towards the way that the child knows about the predominance that his dad has. The child experiences issues satisfying his dad and his lifestyle. He needs to have his father’s capacity to tell no feeling and the best way to be â€Å"a genuine man†. He shrouds the sentiments that resilient men customarily don't feel: He is making a decent attempt to keep certain things inside his chest: things like dread, pity, and uncertainty†. (line 7-9, page2). This could almost certainly be a regular pattern of the time and condition that the story happens in. The last fundamental character in the tale is the storyteller, who is the child to the youngster with affection issues in the short story. The child is a first individual storyteller, so the perspective is restricted to him. His principle work is to recount to the story. A real introduction of his character is excluded. As expressed before, the setting has incredible significance for the characters of the primary characters in the story. The setting is in Nashville, not long before industrialization modernized the cultivating existence with tractors. The dad in the story conveys ordinary attributes of a rancher devoted to old standards, for example, no ill-conceived kids. A potential clarification of this could be that the province of Tennessee is situated in the Bible belt, which is known as a profoundly strict region. There are additionally different components of the setting that point out the strict convictions that the two principle characters have: â€Å"At church she generally sits with the equivalent girl† (line 14), page 2. The utilization of the verb modifier â€Å"always† demonstrates that the child and father go to chapel all the time. While perusing â€Å"Mule Killers† a few evident topics leap out on the page. The principle topic found in the short story is the generational contrast among father and child. As expressed before, the dad attempts to clutch his old standards and principals, though the child has confidence in a cutting edge lifestyle. The thing that matters is represented when the child chooses not to wed the young lady whom he impregnated. The dad sees this as inhumane and flighty. The perspectives on the child appear to identify with the cutting edge universe of today. It turns out to be increasingly more normal to have an infant outside of marriage without the aims of helping the mother sustain the youngster. A particular model is seen in MTV’s â€Å"Teenage Mom† TV program where a few high school young ladies conceive an offspring. The program likewise shows the manner in which the dad regularly will in general leave the mother after birth. On the off chance that this had occurred in the time where the â€Å"Mule Killers† happens or preceding it, it would have had significant ramifications for the dad of the youngster. One can along these lines infer that the occasions continually change and a few people will consistently be â€Å"caught† before, which for this situation is the dad. This could likewise be a potential message of the story. The message could be that standards change since the beginning, however not all individuals follow the change. Notwithstanding this, it is as yet imperative to regard the individuals who make some hard memories managing what's to come. Lydia Peele figures out how to take the peruser on an excursion of affection and the connection between the narrator’s father and granddad. She additionally shows the peruser the various standards and convictions that the two ages have, and the conflicts than can ascend to the surface because of this. She likewise presents the cliché strict white collar class rancher as of now. This is finished by utilizing a little rancher town situated in the Bible belt as a setting. The short story is a contacting and brain bobbling story depicting the connection between two arrangements of father and child. It tells the story of the connection between the narrator’s father and granddad. The connection between the narrator’s father and granddad is introduced as a relationship based on a general regard for the old. The narrator’s father regards the granddad since he tunes in to what he says, and complies with the guidelines that the granddad maintains. It is additionally the story of how the setting, which is the rancher network in the US during the industrialization, has a significant significance for the result of the story. The profoundly strict setting is spoken to in the Narrator’s grandfather’s perspective with respect to labor. All things considered the short story shows the troubles encompassing adoration and how to manage it in a reasonable issue.

How to Show Fit with Your Target Schools Culture Mission

The application process is a tricky balancing act: You want to show your target schools that you’re a perfect match, but you don’t want to blend into the multitude of applicants or become just a number. How can you show your authentic self in the application process? How can you present your strengths, and stand out? This series shows you how. In our last post, I discussed the first necessary ingredient of â€Å"fit† – demonstrating you can do the work in your target program. The next key to showing your fit as an applicant is demonstrating that you’re a perfect match for the program’s culture and mission. This means going beyond the rankings and doing research on each program you’re applying to. Ask yourself the following: †¢ What are the core values of the program? †¢ What type of community does the program promote? †¢ What unique opportunities would you have at the target program that make it a perfect fit? †¢ Does the program have a distinct mission or teaching philosophy? For example, if you’re applying to an MBA program, are you drawn to schools with a case-based methodology? An emphasis on experiential learning? †¢ If you’re applying to medical school, do you want a research or clinical focus? The key here is research. Your reasons for choosing a particular school need to go further than rankings and deeper than platitudes. How to Research Schools Effectively There are many ways to do this research. †¢ Your first stop is the school’s (or department’s) website. Scour it for information related to your goals. Many programs offer the opportunity to contact or meet with current students or alumni, or attend admissions events. Those are all great opportunities to learn more. †¢ Reading student blogs or student-run newspapers can also give you insight into what life is actually like on campus. †¢ If you’re applying to a research-oriented program, read up on the current projects that people in the department are working on. Department websites normally provide profiles of professors, along with their CVs. You may also find profiles of current or recent grad students, with descriptions of their research topics. This is all there for your benefit, so take advantage of it! Using Your Research to Demonstrate Fit Once you’ve done your homework, it’s time for you to demonstrate cultural fit throughout your application. Your coursework reflects your interests. Your work experience, hobbies, and community service reflect your values and impact. The way you describe what you’ve done can highlight those experiences that scream shared values. Finally, there are the essays – prime time for showing fit. Whether it’s in the context of an MBA goals essay that also discusses how a particular program will help you achieve those goals, a MA/MS or PhD statement of purpose that highlights why the department is a perfect match for your research and career goals, or a med school secondary essay that discusses the school’s mission statement head-on, your essays are the first place for you to show your fit with the school’s culture. Show you’ve done your homework by referring to specifics: which opportunities (such as research opportunities, experiential learning, clinical training, etc. – depending on your field) make their program compelling? It is never enough to say that a program is appealing because it has a great reputation and is in a location you like. Instead, you need to go deep. Pay Attention to the Details As you identify the school’s core values, think about how you exemplify them, and keep that in mind as you choose examples for your essays and your resume/activity history. For example, some med schools place an especially high premium on volunteer service. Say your target school specifies a minimum of 300 hours of volunteer service. Your further research has revealed that admitted students actually average about twice that. You should definitely highlight your service experience in your application, since this is a core value of that school. One thing to remember: don’t just repeat the school’s mission statement or phrases from their website. Do your research and show how your experiences make you a great fit for what the school is looking for, as well as how the school’s offerings make it a perfect fit for your interests and goals. In our next post in this series on â€Å"fit,† we’ll talk about the importance of defining and demonstrating your realistic goals. hbspt.cta.load(58291, '14137059-b07d-43d8-8309-0bbaea2a0055', {}); For 25 years, Accepted has helped applicants gain acceptance to top undergraduate and graduate programs. Our expert team of admissions consultants features former admissions directors, PhDs, and professional writers who have advised clients to acceptance at top programs worldwide including Harvard, Stanford, Yale, Princeton, Penn, Columbia, Oxford, Cambridge, INSEAD, MIT, Caltech, UC Berkeley, and Northwestern. Want an admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Best MBA Programs, a guide to selecting the right one †¢ Focus on Fit, a podcast episode †¢ 4 Application Strategy Tips: Stand Out AND Fit In

Should Marijuana Be Legal - 1464 Words

While marijuana is a potentially harmful drug to those who use it, but it is really no more dangerous than alcohol or cigarettes. Both of these are harmful to the user and they have many fatalities connected to each, directly or indirectly. Marijuana has been on prohibition for far too long now and states are starting to realize that. Marijuana is in our culture, it always has been, and it has medical benefits and can help our economy by putting tax dollars into the system. Marijuana has been used for centuries for religious and medicinal purposes around the world. Jack Herer, best known for his work, The Emperor Wears No Clothes, said that hemp â€Å"possessed a near-limitless potential for replacing petrochemical and timber productions and†¦show more content†¦Regan later came and claimed that marijuana was â€Å"the most dangerous drug in America† (Lee). Today, marijuana is being rediscovered for its medicinal purposes. One such case is the plant named â€Å"Charlotte’s Web†. This plant is named after Charlotte Figi, a 5-year-old girl with Dravet’s syndrome, which caused her to have up to 300 grand mal seizures every day (â€Å"Charlotte’s Web†). Charlotte’s Web is a special strain of marijuana that has all the THC removed from it, which is the psychoactive ingredient that can cause seizures, and it has high levels of cannabidiol (CBD) in it, which has anti-seizure properties in it (â€Å"Charlotte’s Web†). Charlotte’s father said that â€Å"A year ago, she could only say one word†¦ Now she says complete sentences† (â€Å"Charlotte’s Web†). Because it is legal at a federal level, families from across the nation have to uproot their lives and move to Colorado where they can find the plant, â€Å"It includes†¦ families willing to move from J apan and the Philippines† to get these life-saving drugs to their children because the fact is, for most children with the syndrome, without this life-saving drug, they would die before reaching adulthood (â€Å"Charlotte’s Web†). Charlotte’s Web is a lifesaving and life changing drug for those who get to use it, yet we are resisting access to it and making families be torn away from the place they

Theories Of Criminology And Criminal Behavior - 952 Words

In the early to mid-1800s there were a few perspectives introduced regarding how to determine which individuals were more likely to commit criminal behavior. These perspectives were made to identify and separate the more â€Å"superior† individuals from the â€Å"inferior† individuals. One of the first examples of this belief was brought forth by craniometry. Craniometry is the belief that the size of a person’s brain and the skull can tell a person’s superiority or inferiority in relation to certain racial groups. During that time it was believed that the size of a person’s skull directly reflected the size of a person’s brain. The larger the brain the more intelligent or â€Å"superior† the person was. Many of the studies done by Craniometrists showed that people of White European descent were â€Å"superior† to people of other ethnic or racial groups. These studies were deemed biased and unethical because the researcherâ€⠄¢s knew which brains and skulls belonged to which racial groups before the measurements were taken. During the mid to late 1800’s Cesare Lombroso based his scientific theories of criminology on Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection. Charles Darwin suggested that humans evolved from primitive beings and that humans later evolved based on their ability to adapt to their environment. The humans that are unable to adapt to their environment die off or become inferior. Lombroso believed that certain individuals or groups of people were born to commit crime. In terms ofShow MoreRelatedThe Various Theories of Criminology 1276 Words   |  5 PagesCriminology is defined as an interdisciplinary profession built around the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior including their forms, causes, legal aspects, and control. There are many aspects in the field of criminology. These aspects include the areas of research involved, the criminology schools of thought, theoretical developments and the people involved in creating and developing the theories. What role do criminologists play in the field of criminology? The term criminologistRead MoreCriminology And The Criminal Justice System824 Words   |  4 PagesAs it pertains to the last ten years, Criminology and its relevance to the criminal justice system has been taught internationally to a number of students seeking employment within the criminal justice field. Criminology (as a whole) is a comprehensive study of criminal behavior, crime as a social matter, and criminal conduct. This is best explained in Stout’s book titled Applied Criminology when it is stated that â€Å"Different criminological theories emerge from different contexts, are shaped by differentRead MoreClassicalism vs. Positivism1546 Words   |  7 Pagescriminologists everyday. Criminology is an ever growing field, mainly because there is more and more research occurring and new theories linking people and crime coming out everyday. Below the main field of criminology there are many subfields that have different theories and philosophies on what they believe link criminal behavior. Two of the main criminology perspectives are Classical Criminology and Positivist Criminology. Although these two are both studied in the criminology field, their viewsRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Theory Integration1050 Words   |  5 PagesAdvantages/Disadvantages One disadvantage of theory integration the possibility of the wrong mixture of theories by criminologist which could increase the odds of a person gravitating towards criminality increase (Frame, 2009). Another disadvantage with integration is variables get missed and vital information is left out. Finally, integration can lead to misconceptions of theories. The advantage of integration different theories is that decreases repetition where two theories are relaying the same message withRead MoreThe Role Of Criminology And The Future Of Criminology1583 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered theory integration important for the future of criminology due to the flourishment of crimes in society. Researchers have begun to study crime and the punishments associated with specific crimes that do not include trust crimes such as fraud, workplace theft or income tax invasion. However, they are studying an array of criminal behaviors that involve illicit and illegal behaviors in an effort to establish how important integrated theory will affect the future of criminology. First, integratedRead MoreCriminology Theories and Capital Crimes1182 Words   |  5 PagesCriminology Theories and Capital Crimes: As part of the distinct aspects of criminal justice policy, the different criminology theories have significant impacts on the criminal justice system. The different theories of crime are used to explain criminal justice policy and the criminal justice system. These theories were developed by different people in attempts to explain criminal justice. In addition, criminological theories assist is shaping the societys reaction to offense in relation to preventingRead MoreEssay about Criminological Theories1544 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many different aspects of criminal justice policy. One in particular is the different theories of crime and how they affect the criminal justice system. The Classical School of criminology is a theory about evolving from a capital punishment type of view to more humane ways of punishing people. Positivist criminology is maintaining the control of human behavior and criminal behavior. They did this through three different categories of Biologica l studies, which are five methodologiesRead MoreDiscuss the Nature, Scope and Objectives of the Study of Criminology.1359 Words   |  6 PagesDiscuss the nature, scope and objectives of the study of Criminology. Crime has always accompanied mankind. The oldest order available to us today, like provided in the cave paintings in France and the old books as the Bible show that this was not a stranger to us hundreds or even thousands of years ago. We can even with these materials to draw a conclusion that the development of civilization has contributed to its creation. The formation of increasingly larger clusters of human foster the developmentRead MoreThe Classical School Of Criminology935 Words   |  4 PagesClassical School of Criminology? The major principles in the Classical School of Criminology are that humans are rational and that our behavior comes from free will, and our human behavior is derived from pain and pleasure. To deter criminal’s punishment is necessary, which may set an example for others. As well as crime prevention should be implemented with quick regulated punishment for violations of the law. What were some forerunners of classical thought in criminology? Some forerunners ofRead MoreCriminal Crime Theory Essay853 Words   |  4 Pagescomes to crime, we develop theories to explain why criminals do what they do. Theories like Social Structure theories, Social process theories, and social conflict theories. Each theory has its own developed ideas on what makes people tick, what causes bad thoughts, bad actions and bad people. This paper will discuss the theories listed above and the logic behind them that explain criminal behavior. The first theory to argue is social structure. The social structure theories emphasize poverty, lack

Donating blood free essay sample

INTRODUCTION a â€Å"hook† that captures the audience’s attention. This might be an image, an anecdote, a story, a quote/epigraph, an irritation – something that orients your reader to why your proposal is important enough background information to orient your reader to your topic. a thesis that advocates: it should clearly identify some problem and compellingly propose some solution. A strong thesis will address the significance of the proposal you are advocating. BODY PARAGRAPHS organize thoughtfully to draw your reader into your argument and to sustain it use description – enough to orient your readers but not so much as to bore or overwhelm them. demonstrate understanding of others’ arguments before moving to your own arguments and opinions. You will use rhetorical analyses of others’ arguments only as they help and support your own arguments. Stronger papers will use the sources to develop your own argument rather than simply summarizing the arguments of others. We will write a custom essay sample on Donating blood or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page reveal and develop new evidence, evidence not mentioned by any of your rhetors, if you can. If this is not possible, make sure that you emphasize in your discussion of your rhetors’ arguments which evidence you see as most credible and as most supportive of your own argument. You should also address evidence put forth by your rhetors that contradicts your argument and explain this contradiction you that the strength of your argument is preserved. link the points you cover in your body paragraphs back to your main argument. CONCLUSION re-state main points from essay as a whole reflect on some broader implications of the essay, the â€Å"so what† question. This might include further real-world implications for the points you are advocating, a need for further research to gain specific information that would help the controversy be resolved, a policy or law that might be passed relevant to what you are advocating, or even some dangers or drawbacks to the actions you are proposing. IN-TEXT CITATIONS REFERENCES complete and properly formatted—include not only the rhetors you specifically review, but everyone from whom you got evidence that you have cited in this essay DICTION AND MECHANICS clear and crisp sentences; avoidance of run-ons correct syntax and grammar a distinct style that suits your rhetorical aims humor, liveliness and creativity are always welcome!

Question What Is Religion free essay sample

Each person’s definition of religion is different. Each person’s faith is different. This is a question that has been asked for centuries, and regardless of the answer given there is no right or wrong answer. However, according to Emile Durkheim in ;Kenneth D. Allan (2 November 2005). Explorations in Classical Sociological Theory: Seeing the Social World. Pine Forge Press. p. 115. religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a Church all those who adhere to them. Religion is generally born out of culture where members of the culture create a system of beliefs and values. They also establish symbols that represent the belief structure and hold special meaning for believers. There are five major religions of the world these are: Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism. We will write a custom essay sample on Question What Is Religion? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Religions can be divided geographically. The content of this essay will focus on Judaism and Islam. This section will begin by the writer giving a brief overview of both religions. Judaism is a one of the oldest religions known to people. Judaism was born about 4000 years ago. Many famous people have been Jewish such as Moses, Jesus, Mahler, Marx, Freud, and Einstein. The history of Jewish people hasn’t been that easy. From the slavery in Egypt to the Holocaust in Europe, the Jewish people have lived a life filled with prejudice. It began with Abraham, the first Jewish person. It is Jewish belief that he made a covenant with God and was promised that he would be the father of a great nation. That nation became the Jewish people. Abraham and his sons and grandsons were called the â€Å"patriarchs†. They were Isaac, his son, and Jacob, his grandson. Jacob’s favorite son Joseph was also an important part of the early history. It was because of Jacob’s sons and their wrong doings that Joseph ended up in Egypt, eventually leading many Jewish people into the land of Egypt. Moses was one of the most famous Jewish prophets. He led the Jewish people out of slavery, led them to Mount Sinai and received the Ten Commandments, a set of rules that people even today still follow. After Moses, the Jewish people had different leaders called judges, and then kings such as David and Solomon to guide them in the land called Israel. Jewish people lived in the land of Israel until 586BCE when they were exiled by the Babylonians. It wasn’t until 1948, about 2000 years later, that Jewish people were able to return to that land. History of Judaism: General Observations. Encyclop? dia Britannica. 2004. Encyclop? dia Britannica Premium Service. Islam is a monotheistic religious tradition that developed in the Middle East in the 7th century C. E. Islam, which literally means surrender or submission, was founded on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad as an expression of surrender to the will of Allah, the creator and sustainer of the world. The Quran, the sacred text of Islam, contains the teachings of the Prophet that were revealed to him from Allah. Essential to Islam is the belief that Allah is the one and true God with no partner or equal. Islam has several branches and much variety within those branches. The two divisions within the tradition are the Sunni and Shia, each of which claims different means of maintaining religious authority. One of the unifying characteristics of Islam is the Five Pillars, the fundamental practices of Islam. These five practices include a ritual profession of faith, ritual prayer, the zakat (charity), fasting, and the hajj (a pilgrimage to Mecca). Many Muslims are characterized by their commitment to praying to Allah five times a day. One of the defining characteristics of Islam is the primacy of sacred places including Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem. Muslims gather at mosques to worship Allah, pray, and study scripture. There is not a sharp distinction between the religious and secular aspects of life in Islam; all aspects of a Muslims life are to be oriented to serving Allah. Islam expanded almost immediately beyond its birthplace in the Arabian peninsula, and now has significant influence in Africa, throughout Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The Oxford Handbook of Global Religions (2006) and the Religious Movements Page at the University of Virginia. The writer will also state five similairites about each religion and five differences. one common thing to both is that there is originator of each religion. The people of each religion endured hardships in their beginnings. Each religion had a major prophet, Judaism had Moses and Islam had Muhammad. The prophets of each religion received their book from God. They are also all monotheistic religions meaning both religions believe there is only one God. Both Jews and Muslims deny that Jesus is Divine or the son of God. Both believe that at least at one point in history Israel was the chosen nation by God. They also believe in angels and demons. They also believe that salvation can be given through correct belief and good deeds. The only ritual that these two religions have in common is prayer. The differences existing between both religions are relevant and one should be aware so as to be tolerant of each. In this paragraph this writers main objective is to highlight the differences between the Muslims and the Jews. The holy book of Judaism is called the Torah. The holy book of Islam is called the Quran. Muslims believe that there are some more prophets such as Jesus and Muhammad, whereas Jews reject both. Muslims believe that Muhammad is the Seal of all prophets. Jew do not accept that. The Muslim diet is much less restricted than the Jewish diet. Muslims believe that God had abandoned the nation of Israel as a result of their sins. Jews believe that their covenant with God can never be broken. Having compared both religions the objective of the writer is further expand on of each. The common ritual in both religion is prayer and so it will be explained. â€Å"New step In Religious Education† by Micheal Keene pages 64-65, 1997. Published by Stanley Thornes. States Prayer is the most important part of Muslims worship. There are two kinds of prayer in Islam. The salah is the most vital. The salah is a sequence of prayers done with both action and words. The sequence is called the rak’ah. It is compulsory that two rak’ah are done during the morning prayers, four at noon, three at sunset and four at night. This is preferably done in a mosque or in any clean place. During rak’ah worshippers stand, bows , kneels and touches the ground with his forehead. During Friday prayers in the mosque the imam leads all the worshipers through the sequence. Prayers are said in Arabic . While they pray the entire congregation turns towards the mihrab, so they are facing the holy city of Makkah. Worshippers can say his/ her own private prayers at the end of the set of prayers. These prayer du’a , are said in worshippers own language. These are ‘prayers of the heart’ and end with the person wiping their hands across the face to show they have received God’s blessing. The most important paryers are the ones which Muslims join with others. Muslims are expected to pray all the time. All that is required is a clean place, as this cannot be guaranteed, however the strict Muslim will use a prayer mat, called the Musulla. The mat is use facing Mekkah, which is located using a compass. In every religion prayer is an important element recitation of prayers is the central characteristic of Jewish worship. A Jewish law was passed which states that prayer should be done three times aily: in the morning, in the afternoon and at nightfall. These prayers are called morning prayer (shacharit), afternoon prayer (minchah) and evening prayer (arvith or maariv ). At the heart of each service is the Amidah or Shemoneh Esrei. Another key prayer in many services is the declaration of faith, the Shema Yisrael (or Shem a). The Shema is the recitation of a verse from the Torah (Deuteronomy 6:4): Shema Yisrael Adonai Eloheinu Adonai Echad—Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God! The Lord is One! Most of the prayers in a traditional Jewish service can be recited in solitary prayer, although communal prayer is preferred. Communal prayer requires a quorum of ten adult Jews, called a minyan. In nearly all Orthodox and a few Conservative circles, only male Jews are counted toward a minyan; most Conservative Jews and members of other Jewish denominations count female Jews as well. In addition to prayer services, observant traditional Jews recite prayers and benedictions throughout the day when performing various acts. Prayers are recited upon waking up in the morning, before eating or drinking different foods, after eating a meal, and so on. The approach to prayer varies among the Jewish denominations. Differences can include the texts of prayers, the frequency of prayer, the number of prayers recited at various religious events, the use of musical instruments and choral music, and whether prayers are recited in the traditional liturgical languages or the vernacular. In general, Orthodox and Conservative congregations adhere most closely to tradition, and Reform and Reconstructionist synagogues are more likely to incorporate translations and contemporary writings in their services. Also, in most Conservative synagogues, and all Reform and Reconstructionist congregations, women participate in prayer services on an equal basis with men, including roles traditionally filled only by men, such as reading from the Torah. In addition, many Reform temples use musical accompaniment such as organs and mixed choirs. Micheal Keene pages 62-63, (1997). The New Steps in Religious Education ( 2nd Edition). Stanley Thornes. Publishers. Name: Kedesha Pennicook Date: September 27,2012 Question What is religion? There are similarities and differences among the religions of the world. List five similarities and five differences and explain one of each (similiarities amp; differences). Introduction Barns amp; Noble (Cambridge) Encyclopedia (1990), States that the English word religion is derived from the Middle English religioun which came from the Old French religion. It may have been originally derived from the Latin word religo which means good faith, ritual, and other similar meanings. Or it may have come from the Latin religare which means to tie fast. In our society religion means believing in a higher power. This higher power is usually a God and people are taught how this God came to be. When one believes in a God there are set ways of worship and a moral code that is lived by. Not every religion has a God and sometimes there are many God’s or in some instances there is no God. In any case this general definition does not do justice to all the religions because of the different beliefs that each religion has. This paper will provide a definition for religion, tell five simialrities and differences that exist between Judaism and Islam and slow will explain one of each. What is religion? Each person’s definition of religion is different. Each person’s faith is different. This is a question that has been asked for centuries, and regardless of the answer given there is no right or wrong answer. However, according to Emile Durkheim in ;Kenneth D. Allan (2 November 2005). Explorations in Classical Sociological Theory: Seeing the Social World. Pine Forge Press. p. 115. religion is a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say, things set apart and forbidden beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community called a Church all those who adhere to them. Religion is generally born out of culture where members of the culture create a system f beliefs and values. They also establish symbols that represent the belief structure and hold special meaning for believers. There are five major religions of the world these are: Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism. Religions can be divided geographically. The content of this essay will focus on Judaism and Islam. This section will begin by the writer giving a brief overview of both religions. Judaism is a one of the oldest religions known to people. Judaism was born about 4000 years ago. Many famous people have been Jewish such as Moses, Jesus, Mahler, Marx, Freud, and Einstein. The history of Jewish people hasn’t been that easy. From the slavery in Egypt to the Holocaust in Europe, the Jewish people have lived a life filled with prejudice. It began with Abraham, the first Jewish person. It is Jewish belief that he made a covenant with God and was promised that he would be the father of a great nation. That nation became the Jewish people. Abraham and his sons and grandsons were called the â€Å"patriarchs†. They were Isaac, his son, and Jacob, his grandson. Jacob’s favorite son Joseph was also an important part of the early history. It was because of Jacob’s sons and their wrong doings that Joseph ended up in Egypt, eventually leading many Jewish people into the land of Egypt. Moses was one of the most famous Jewish prophets. He led the Jewish people out of slavery, led them to Mount Sinai and received the Ten Commandments, a set of rules that people even today still follow. After Moses, the Jewish people had different leaders called judges, and then kings such as David and Solomon to guide them in the land called Israel. Jewish people lived in the land of Israel until 586BCE when they were exiled by the Babylonians. It wasn’t until 1948, about 2000 years later, that Jewish people were able to return to that land. History of Judaism: General Observations. Encyclop? dia Britannica. 2004. Encyclop? dia Britannica Premium Service. Islam is a monotheistic religious tradition that developed in the Middle East in the 7th century C. E. Islam, which literally means surrender or submission, was founded on the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad as an expression of surrender to the will of Allah, the creator and sustainer of the world. The Quran, the sacred text of Islam, contains the teachings of the Prophet that were revealed to him from Allah. Essential to Islam is the belief that Allah is the one and true God with no partner or equal. Islam has several branches and much variety within those branches. The two divisions within the tradition are the Sunni and Shia, each of which claims different means of maintaining religious authority. One of the unifying characteristics of Islam is the Five Pillars, the fundamental practices of Islam. These five practices include a ritual profession of faith, ritual prayer, the zakat (charity), fasting, and the hajj (a pilgrimage to Mecca). Many Muslims are characterized by their commitment to praying to Allah five times a day. One of the defining characteristics of Islam is the primacy of sacred places including Mecca, Medina, and Jerusalem. Muslims gather at mosques to worship Allah, pray, and study scripture. There is not a sharp distinction between the religious and secular aspects of life in Islam; all aspects of a Muslims life are to be oriented to serving Allah. Islam expanded almost immediately beyond its birthplace in the Arabian peninsula, and now has significant influence in Africa, throughout Asia, Europe, and the Americas. The Oxford Handbook of Global Religions (2006) and the Religious Movements Page at the University of Virginia. The writer will also state five similairites about each religion and five differences. one common thing to both is that there is originator of each religion. The people of each religion endured hardships in their beginnings. Each religion had a major prophet, Judaism had Moses and Islam had Muhammad. The prophets of each religion received their book from God. They are also all monotheistic religions meaning both religions believe there is only one God. Both Jews and Muslims deny that Jesus is Divine or the son of God. Both believe that at least at one point in history Israel was the chosen nation by God. They also believe in angels and demons. They also believe that salvation can be given through correct belief and good deeds. The only ritual that these two religions have in common is prayer. The differences existing between both religions are relevant and one should be aware so as to be tolerant of each. In this paragraph this writers main objective is to highlight the differences between the Muslims and the Jews. The holy book of Judaism is called the Torah. The holy book of Islam is called the Quran. Muslims believe that there are some more prophets such as Jesus and Muhammad, whereas Jews reject both. Muslims believe that Muhammad is the Seal of all prophets. Jew do not accept that. The Muslim diet is much less restricted than the Jewish diet. Muslims believe that God had abandoned the nation of Israel as a result of their sins. Jews believe that their covenant with God can never be broken. Having compared both religions the objective of the writer is further expand on of each. The common ritual in both religion is prayer and so it will be explained. â€Å"New step In Religious Education† by Micheal Keene pages 64-65, 1997. Published by Stanley Thornes. States Prayer is the most important part of Muslims worship. There are two kinds of prayer in Islam. The salah is the most vital. The salah is a sequence of prayers done with both action and words. The sequence is called the rak’ah. It is compulsory that two rak’ah are done during the morning prayers, four at noon, three at sunset and four at night. This is preferably done in a mosque or in any clean place. During rak’ah worshippers stand, bows , kneels and touches the ground with his forehead. During Friday prayers in the mosque the imam leads all the worshipers through the sequence. Prayers are said in Arabic . While they pray the entire congregation turns towards the mihrab, so they are facing the holy city of Makkah. Worshippers can say his/ her own private prayers at the end of the set of prayers. These prayer du’a , are said in worshippers own language. These are ‘prayers of the heart’ and end with the person wiping their hands across the face to show they have received God’s blessing. The most important paryers are the ones which Muslims join with others. Muslims are expected to pray all the time. All that is required is a clean place, as this cannot be guaranteed, however the strict Muslim will use a prayer mat, called the Musulla. The mat is use facing Mekkah, which is located using a compass. In every religion prayer is an important element recitation of prayers is the central characteristic of Jewish worship. A Jewish law was passed which states that prayer should be done three times daily: in the morning, in the afternoon and at nightfall. These prayers are called morning prayer (shacharit), afternoon prayer (minchah) and evening prayer (arvith or maariv ). At the heart of each service is the Amidah or Shemoneh Esrei. Another key prayer in many services is the declaration of faith, the Shema Yisrael (or Shema). The Shema is the recitation of a verse from the Torah (Deuteronomy 6:4): Shema Yisrael Adonai Eloheinu Adonai Echad—Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God! The Lord is One! Most of the prayers in a traditional Jewish service can be recited in solitary prayer, although communal prayer is preferred. Communal prayer requires a quorum of ten adult Jews, called a minyan. In nearly all Orthodox and a few Conservative circles, only male Jews are counted toward a minyan; most Conservative Jews and members of other Jewish denominations count female Jews as well. In addition to prayer services, observant traditional Jews recite prayers and benedictions throughout the day when performing various acts. Prayers are recited upon waking up in the morning, before eating or drinking different foods, after eating a meal, and so on. The approach to prayer varies among the Jewish denominations. Differences can include the texts of prayers, the frequency of prayer, the number of prayers recited at various religious events, the use of musical instruments and choral music, and whether prayers are recited in the traditional liturgical languages or the vernacular. In general, Orthodox and Conservative congregations adhere most closely to tradition, and Reform and Reconstructionist synagogues are more likely to incorporate translations and contemporary writings in their services. Also, in most Conservative synagogues, and all Reform and Reconstructionist congregations, women participate in prayer services on an equal basis with men, including roles traditionally filled only by men, such as reading from the Torah. In addition, many Reform temples use musical accompaniment such as organs and mixed choirs. Micheal Keene pages 62-63, (1997).

Expectancy violation theory Essay Example

Expectancy violation theory Essay Example Expectancy violation theory Essay Expectancy violation theory Essay Expectancy Violation Theory and Sexual Resistance in Close, Cross-Sex Relationships Jennifer L. Bean Although previous research has suggested a link between sexual resistance and the violation of the resisted partners expectations, communication scholars have yet to utilize expectancy violation theory in a sexual resistance context. As such, the current study examines the resisted individuals perception of sexual resistance message directness and relational context in terms of three aspects of expectancy violations: violation valence, violation importance, and violation expectedness (Fall Meets, 998). Findings indicate that participants view hypothetical sexual resistance from a long-term dating partner as a more negative and more unexpected expectancy violation compared with hypothetical rejection from a cross-sex friend. Further, when a participant is hypothetically rejected by way of direct communication of sexual resistance from his or her close relational partner, such a violation was perceived as more relationally important than indirect sexual resistance. These findings broaden the scope of expectancy violation theory to include sexual resistance in close legislations, replicate and validate the study of three separate expectancy violation aspects, and highlight sexual resistance as a potentially important relational event in close relationships. Sexual resistance researchers have established that long-term romantic partners believe that they can expect success when initiating a sexual encounter (Byers Heinlein, 1989). Further, new dating partners find sexual resistance to be more unexpected than do either cross-sex friends or individuals in ambiguous male- female relationships (Meets, Cup, laminar, 1992). Despite these findings, no now research has specifically linked the study of sexual resi stance to expectancy violation theory (VET). To provide theoretical insight into the degree to which sexual resistance is expected across close male-female relational contexts, the current study examines the level of directness of a sexual resistance message and the relational context the message occurs in from the resisted individuals perspective within an EWE framework. Expectancy Violation Theory The field of communication has been instrumental in integrating theoretical foundations into investigations of sexual compliance/resistance situations. Specifically, aspects of politeness theory and facedown (Fall Lee, 2000; Meets et al. , 1992), uncertainty reduction theory (Edgar, Freight, Hammond, McDonald, Fink, 1992), and planning theory (Fall Lee, 2000) have been examined in relation Jennifer L. Bean (PhD, University of Georgia) assumes her duties as Assistant Professor at the Hank Greenness School of Communication, University of Nevada at Alas Vegas, on 1 August 2 3 1 nee autumn wellness to tank Jerry Hale, Jennifer Monomania, Jennie Cameron, and the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the manuscript. Communication expectancies denote an enduring pattern of anticipated behavior and can be individualized to a specific person or relationship (Burgeon, 1993, p. 31). An expectation of another is violated when that behavior differs from what is typical or expected (Fall Meets, 1998). Such a violation results in cognitive arousal and a sequence of interpretation and evaluation that aids an individual in coping with the others unexpected behavior (Fall Meets, 1998). Moreover, when one violates a partners expectations, the partner is likely to be more attentive toward future messages relating directly to the nature of the relationship (Loopier Burgeon, 1994). In the interpretation stage of the VET model the valence of an expectancy violation is established and contributes to the overall assessment of how rewarding an interaction will be (Burgeon, 1993; Burgeon Hale, 1988). Fall and Meets (1998) have gently expanded EWE to include three separate, but related, aspects of how expectancy violations are interpreted: (a) violation valence, involving the extent to which the behavior is seen as positive or negative, (b) violation expectedness, defined as the extent to which the behavior varies from the range of expected behaviors, and (c) violation importance, characterized as the impact that the behavior will have on the relationship. This study extends these dimensions to the realm of sexual resistance. Sexual Resistance as an Expectancy Violation No known research has extended EWE to the study of sexual resistance between close Laotian partners. Never unless, TAHITI Ana Lee (UH, p. AY) note Tanat sexual resistance is likely a task that produces considerable uncertainty, cognitive demands, time-constrained information processing, and online adaptation, characteristics that are similar to the cognitive arousal, interpretation, and evaluation that often accompanies a partners unexpected behavior (Fall Meets, 1998). Further, sexual resistance is a situation that is highly vulnerable, volatile, emotionally sensitive, and accompanied by heightened emotional states and unique physiological changes (Edgar Fitzpatrick, 1988, 1990). Choices in sexual situations (such as resisting a close partners advances) could be caused by differing sexual goals and often result in conflict, frustration, and embarrassment for one or both partners (Edgar Fitzpatrick, 1988, 1990; Speeches McKinney, 1993). These characteristics of sexual resistance suggest strongly that its occurrence will result in the resisted parties believing that their expectancies have been violated. Two aspects of the sexual resistance situation-relational context and message directness-are particularly salient when considering sexual resistance as an expectancy violation because they eave been useful concepts in previous sexual resistance research (e. G. , Goldenberg, Genii, Salesman, Open, 1999; Meets et al. , 1992) and because relational characteristics and communication behavior represent two important considerations in EWE (Burgeon Hale, 1988). Relational Context Despite recent research on expectancy violations in cross-sex friendships (Fall 70 COMMUNICATION MONOGRAPHS Faulkner, 2000) and romantic relationships (Fall Meets, 1998), little is known about the effect of relational context on the interpretation of the violation (see Burgeon Hale, 1988 for a comparison between friends and strangers). Such a query is important, as relationship aspects are important factors throughout the expectancy violation model proposed by Burgeon and Hale. Specifically, relational characteristics such as prior history and liking are considered when one partner decides whether or not the others behavior is an expectancy violation (Burgeon Hale, 1988). One relational characteristic that seems important throughout the EWE process is the type of relationship the partners share. Put differently, societal and individual definitions of the relationship, acceptable behaviors between the partners, and implicit elation boundaries will likely play a significant role in how one interprets an expectancy violation. Thus, the role of relational context in the interpretation (I. E. , violation importance, valence, and expectedness) of expectancy violations logically advances knowledge both about EWE as a theory and the consideration of expectancy violations as three separate aspects. Though not specifically examining sexual resistance, Fall and Faulkner (2000) found that the presence of sexual activity in cross-sex friendships varied in impact according to both the violation valence scribed to the behavior and the extent to which the friends feelings and intentions rater ten sexual please were Known. Specifically, cross-sex Eternal tenant to use positive politeness strategies to resist sexual advances, possibly both to maintain the friendship and communicate sexual disinterest (Lee, 2001). Meets et al. (1992) found that sexual rejections occurring in new dating relationships were less expected, more face threatening, and more uncomfortable than rejections occurring in established, long-term cross-sex friendships and ambiguous male-female relationships. The current study extends Meets et al. Research by comparing two long-term close relationships, and by considering sexual resistance as an expectancy violation instead of as a face threat. Overall, sexual resistance between cross-sex friends is likely to have a significant impact because sexual interest and activity are moderately frequent but often ambiguous and confusing for both partners (Meets et al. , 1992). When considering long-term romantic relationships, Byers and Heinlein (1989) found that cohabiting couples were more lik ely than spouses to initiate sexual intercourse. Further, Quinn, Sanchez-Hushes, Coates, and Gillie (1991) found that males in long- ERM relationships would stop sexual advances such as overt attempts to kiss and fondle their partners more readily than those in short-term partnerships. Thus, preliminary evidence suggests that long-term romantic partners exhibit unique sexual compliance/resistance patterns. Little is known, however, about how long-term romantic partners perceive sexual resistance within their relationships. When comparing dating partners and cross-sex friends, sexual resistance between dating partners should be more negative, unexpected, and relationally important compared tit cross-sex friends. Because individuals in long-term romantic relationships were rarely unsuccessful in sexual initiations and are aware of their partners response to a sexual advance (Byers Heinlein, 1989), long-term dating partners will likely initiate a sexual encounter when they think the chances of success are high. In contrast, cross-sex friends are likely to view sexual resistance as a less negative, more expected, and less relationally important violation than daters because their relational definition does not include sexual behavior and their knowledge of friends captivity to sexual advances is likely to be fairly limited. The first hypothesis explores this possibility: 71 HI : Those being resisted by a dating partner will perceive sexual resistance as an expectancy violation that is (a) more negative, (b) more unexpected, and (c) more important than will those being resisted by a cross-sex friend. Message Directness In addition to relational context, message directness is relevant to the application of EWE to sexual resistance situations. Direct strategies in sexual situations indicate messages with clear intent and no ambiguity about what the persuader would like to occur, whereas indirect sexual tactics leave more room for doubt about the persuaders Intentions, provoking NV or nerd Walt plausible inelegantly (Eager Fitzpatrick, 1990). Both Fall and Lee (2000) and Meets et al. (1992) have found that participants preferred using direct sexual resistance messages that were also instrumental in protecting the face of the resisted individual (I. E. , Im not sure that were ready for this). In his language expectancy theory Burgeon (1995) proposes that individuals hold expectations about language that can affect whether or not they accept or reject a recursive message. Consistent with this idea, the level of message directness from the individual resisting anothers sexual advance is believed to be a potentially important consideration for the resisted individual when interpreting an expectancy violation. Learning about the relationship between message directness and expectancy violation interpretation in the sexual resistance context is important for two reasons. First, comparing direct and indirect sexual resistance messages potentially expands the scope of EWE to include a new communicative antecedent of the expectancy violation process. Second, research by Mangoes and Carrey (1996) on date initiation and expectancy violation theory suggested that whether one person initiated the date indirectly (I. E. , hinting) or directly (I. E. , asking) was partially responsible for the others expectancy violation with regard to the amount of sexual behaviors enacted on the date. This research suggests that a more focused inquiry into message directness and EWE is Justified. When considering the relational implications of sexual resistance message directness, Goldenberg et al. 1999), in comparing sexual resistance patterns in males ND females and American and Japanese cultures, demonstrated the positive relationship between use of indirect refusal strategies and the continuation of ones new dating relationship. Goldenberg et al. Focused upon new dating relationships and the participant cultural and gender differences when exploring sexual resistance message directness, which differentiates their research from the current project . Pertinent to EWE, Mangoes and Carrey (1996) reported that males had significantly higher sexual expectations when females directly asked them on a date, compared to the female indirectly hinting at date initiation. Even in long-term relationships, how directly sexual resistance is communicated can be related strongly to how that expectancy violation is interpreted. Thus, indirect sexual resistance should be perceived by long-term relational partners who are sexually resisted as a violation that is less negative, more expected, and less relationally important compared with direct sexual resistance. The second hypothesis examines this relationship: H2O: Both cross-sex friends and dating partners who are resisted will perceive partners use of a direct sexual resistance message to be an expectancy violation that is (a) more active, (b) more unexpected, and (c) more important compared to indirect sexual resistance messages. 72 Participants Data were collected from a college-age sample taking introductory and advanced speech communication classes at a large, southern university. The initial sample size was 342, but the elimination of individuals who did not respond to, or incorrectly answered, manipulation check items resulted in a final sample size of 307. Approximately 57% of the sample was female (n 0 174), with two individuals not reporting gender. The average age of the sample was 21 years (SD 0 2. 63, range 0 18- 0). Almost 89% of the sample classified themselves as White (n 0 272), 6% classified themselves as African American (n 0 19), almost 2% indicated that they were either Asian (n 0 5) or Hispanic (n 0 5), and 1% placed themselves in the other category (n 4). Two participants did not report their ethnicity. All participants reported that they were either straight (n 0 306) or bisexual (n 0 1). Almost 39% of the sample reported being single and not dating (n 0 119), 27% indicated that they have been involved in a committed relationship for more than 1 year (n 0 82), 15% stated that they were ingle and dating one person (n 0 45), 10% reported that they were single and dating many individuals (n 0 31), and 9% indicated that they were in a committed relationship for less than 1 year (n 0 29). One participant did not provide current relational status information. Finally, 69% of the sample reported that they had previously engaged in vaginal sex (n 0 213) and almost 30% reported that they had not yet had vaginal intercourse (n 0 91). Three participants did not respond to this item. General Procedures Participants received course research credit for taking part in the research. Their participation was voluntary and anonymous. Participants read and signed the consent form, and were then given the opportunity to ask questions about the project. To ensure privacy the researcher asked participants to not speak to one another while they were answering the questionnaire and also not to look at other students surveys. Participants then were given the written questionnaire, and told to take as long as they needed to complete it (1 5 minutes was typical). Participants read one of eight sexual resistance scenarios and then answered items intended to measure the realism and frequency of occurrence of the scenario in their own close legislations and items assessing perceived message directness and strength. The relevant dependent variable scales (violation valence, violation expectedness, violation importance) followed, along with two manipulation check items that measured the gender and relational context of the rejecter in the resistance scenario, items measuring participants level of sexual experience, current relational status, and demographic information. After they had completed the instrument, participants were given a debriefing form and an opportunity to ask questions about the research before being thanked and dismissed. Research Design and Pilot Test I nee Investigation employed a 2 (relational context: long-term cross-sex Eternal vs Eng-term dating relationship) 0 2 (message directness: indirect vs Direct) factorial design. The message directness independent variable was replicated so that a total of eight hypothetical scenarios were distributed randomly to participants, resulting in relatively equal distribution across conditions. 73 The scenarios, adapted from Meets et al. (1992), asked participants to imagine that they are either friends with or dating an individual named Chris, and then detailed a taxation in which the participants feel a sexual desire for Chris, attempt to initiate a sexual encounter, and are resisted. The use of hypothetical scenarios was employed to avoid participant biases in the recall and memory of actual sexual resistance situations that often accompany retrospective recall techniques, and to measure simultaneously participants immediate and direct response to the relational event of interest and provide control over the specific situations the participants were to consider (Unblock Solomon, 2002). To select four resistance messages that were fairly equal in levels of strength and erectness for each manipulation, a total of 10 resistance messages classified previously as direct or indirect by a variety of sources (Garcia, 1998; Meets et al. , 1992; Motley Redder, 1995; Unlearned, Andrews, Bell, 1996) were pilot tested using undergraduates taking speech communication classes at a large, southern university (N 0 50, 50% female). Each participant was asked to read six of the 10 potential messages and then indicate how direct and strong they found each message to be, using 7-point, Liker-type scales (e. . , 1 0 not at all direct, 7 0 completely direct). The number of participants who were exposed to each potential resistance message ranged from 25 to 30. A series of t-tests revealed that two indirect messages produced levels of strength that were statistically equivalent to one another and significantly more indirect than the direct messages: (1) Its getting late; and (2) He/she does not appear to notice your advances and instead asks you to change the channel on the television. Further, two direct messages proved to have statistically equivalent amounts of strength and were also significantly more direct and strong than each of the indirect assuages: (1) Please dont do that; and (2) l dont want to do this. Thus, these four resistance messages were used in the main investigation. Measures Scenario realism and frequency of occurrence. A number of items about the sexual resistance situation itself, adapted from Bean (1999) and Canary, Cody, and Marathons (1987), were presented. Specifically, three items assessed how realistic the situation was (e. G. , How realistic do you think this situation is? ), and two items measured how often or frequently the participant had actually experienced a similar situation (e. G. How oaten NAS tans salutation occurred In your own cross-sex Tarantellas/tattling relationship? ). All items were measured on 7-point, Liker-type scales (e. G. , 1 0 not at all realistic, 7 0 very realistic). As Table 1 depicts, participants found each of the eight scenarios to be realistic and easy to imagine, but did not experience these resistance situations frequently in their own close relationships. Because combining the realism items ( 0 . 91) and the frequency items ( 0 . 88) both resulted in internally consistent scales, two separate composite measures were computed. Sexual resistance message strength and directness. Strength and directness of the resistance messages were measured using items from Cameron (1998).

Health Education Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health Education Plan - Assignment Example Particularly, in Los Angeles, more than one in five students in Grades 5th, 7th and 9th were found to be obese (ibid.). This truth puts the youth at risk of obesity. This paper addresses the present problem by proposing a community health education plan for parents of at-risk and obese youth in Los Angeles. First, the paper tackles the present problem based on recent statistics and community health analysis. Second, it proposes a comprehensive education plan aimed at parents to guide them in child weight management. Third, it suggests relevant research to control the obesity situation in the Los Angeles community. The health education program shall run for six months, and a monthly assessment should be done to note down the improvements not only in the weight of the population but likewise in their eating habits and view of nutrition. The program shall include nutritional information, cooking sessions, exercise drills, activity planning, school and house-to-house visits, and follow u p sessions. The objectives of the program are as follows: To provide information on obesity, its causes and effects, and other related information To improve the eating and cooking habits of families by conducting cooking sessions, information campaign, and school/home visits To increase the physical activity and exercise habits of the community by conducting physical exercise, teaching them how to plan and monitor their children’s physical activities, and providing means for physical activity among the youth To inculcate the value of health and good nutrition among the youth by holding poster-making contests, rhythmic gymnastics, and other forms of exercise. The participants shall be composed of parents and children. Mothers and fathers are both welcome to attend the activities, which shall be held for two hours every Saturday morning and may extend in the afternoon, to give way for other activities such as contests, exercise, and other physical activities for children. The success of implementing a health education program depends on proper planning and assessment. Thus, in order to achieve success, an analysis of the target population and Los Angeles county based on Windshield Survey must be conducted first. A Windshield Survey of Los Angeles primarily shows that it is a well-populated county. It is home to different ethnicities including African-Americans, Latinos, Whites, and Asians. In a research conducted in 2001 (cited in County of Los Angeles Department of Health and Services, 2003), it was found out that 55 percent of the county’s population is either overweight or obese, and many others are at risk for becoming overweight. Similarly, more than 15 percent of the adolescent population is overweight. African-Americans were found to have the highest incidence of obesity, and the problem is mostly related to low economic status (OHAE, 2007). Thus, the highest prevalence of obesity was noted among families with the lowest incomes. The relati on between poverty and obesity suggests the poor nutrition that families can afford. Families with low income usually feed their children with starch and carbohydrates, which is opposite the daily nutritional recommendation of five servings of fruits and vegetables and little fat. In this regard, it is important to include in the health education seminar the proper nutrition or recommended foods that parents should provide their children. This topic should be included in Day 1. The first session should

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 42

Response - Essay Example Here, minerals are also described and this has an implication on the history of human art where minerals were used for painting, architecture and sculpture. The discussion on this passage reflects a lot on the state of knowledge or science in the early Roman period. About knowledge, it reflects how people were able to discover the usefulness of plant minerals in their day-to-day lives including in their architectural works, sculptures as well as painting. The fact that plant minerals could be used in other areas that were not very obvious, is a significant sign a knowledgeable people. On the scientific view, it is evident that the early Romans were already thinking on how useful the plants can be to human being. This majorly shows the application of scientific thought especially in areas such as medicine, horticulture and agriculture. In both the two areas, Beagon tries to relate nature and science, knowledge, culture and art and this comes out nicely when we consider the plants and animal

Biochemistry Final Project part 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biochemistry Final Project part 1 - Essay Example ophrenia has been linked to the affected parents passing the genes to the children (genetic factors), unusual metabolic conditions and abnormal brain conditions (Cohen, Kleinman, & Saraceno, 2002). It is evident from research that kids with both parents free from schizophrenia have 1% risk of developing the illness. If either of the parents has schizophrenia, then the child`s risk of developing the disease rises to approximately 13%. If all parents have the illness, then there is a 46% chance of the child having the illness later in life. There is an 8% risk in cases where, all other relatives are free from the disease, but a brother or a sister to an individual has schizophrenia. An identical twin of an individual with schizophrenia is 48% at risk as compared to only 17% risk in case of dizygotic twins (Pfaff, 2013). First-degree relatives of an individual with schizophrenia are at a greater risk than second-degree relatives. In addition to genetic factors, other environmental factors such as general stress play a role in developing schizophrenia. Brain examination through neuroimaging has shown brain abnormalities in schizophrenics (Harman, 2003). The ventricles are enlarged, and there are fluid-filled cavities in the deeper parts of the brain. These abnormalities are the cause of the accompanying symptoms. Besides, an imbalance in neurotransmitters, dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate may cause schizophrenia. Homocysteine accumulation due to deficiency of methionine synthase and cystathionine ÃŽ ²-synthase causes schizophrenia. Other conditions such as hypocalcemia and hyperparathyroidism are linked to schizophrenia. Structural changes, copy number variations (CNV) in individual’s genome causes schizophrenia. CNV happens if the genetic material is lost, duplicated wrongly or inserted in a wrong manner. For instance deletion at 22q11 accounts for psychosis in 30% of cases. When 22q11 deletion occurs, essential genes that play a crucial role in schizophrenia such

“Our Top Story”: Analysis of News Conventions in the NBC Nightly News E

News broadcasts have been a staple in the lives of many long before the invention of the television. As technology changed, the place of the newscaster shifted from the radio to the television screen. These earliest years of television news did not adhere to the same conventions as the modern newscast. Moving from radio to television as the major source of broadcast news brought on new challenges. In order to do so, networks were forced to experiment with how stories and new anchors would be presented to their television audiences (Conway, 2007). Newscasters who were once popular among audiences could no longer be certain that this popularity would remain. Audiences who had once been captivated by the voice of an unseen man being transmitted over the airwaves were beginning to lose interest watching a man, eyes down, reading prepared lines from a card (Conway, 2007). It became apparent that the format so often used for radio newscast would no longer be sufficient when applies to a visual medium like television. As years went by, television networks began trying new ways to captivate their audiences once more. In this early period of news broadcasting many of today’s familiar conventions would be developed often times through experimentation. The use of graphics, video footage, images and other visual aids to the anchor on set were all developed in some of the earliest years of television news (Conway, 2007). These developments could then be employed as supplementary additions to the anchors delivery of the news and give the audience something more to view on their screen. The use of visual aids allowed for newscasts to features instances â€Å"where the newscaster appeared on camera, other times his voice guided the viewer ... ...asey, N., Calvert, B., French, L., & Lewis, J. (2008). Television studies: The key concepts. (2 ed., pp. 183-189). New York, NY: Routledge. Conway, M. (2007). A guest in our living room: The television newscaster before the rise of the dominant anchor. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 51(3), 457-478. Engstrom, E., & Ferri, A. J. (1998). From barriers to challenges: Career perceptions of women tv anchors. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 75(4), 789-802. NBC news (producer). (2013, February 8). NBC nightly news [video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p1LS7zthsHc NBC news (producer). (2013, February 22). NBC nightly news [video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X1sEkQj2jWc NBC news (producer). (2013, September 30). NBC nightly news [video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kT_Pl7LjVow

A Case Study Of Rainwater Harvesting Structures Environmental Sciences Essay

Feasibility of reaping H2O at Konkamthan Village in Ahmednagar District of Maharashtra State is studied utilizing annually rainfall informations. It is said that â€Å" H2O is life † because, the H2O is required from birth to decease for human being. In the planetary image, India is identified as a state where H2O scarceness is expected to turn well in the coming decennaries. Further drought status, climatic variableness cause considerable human enduring in many parts of the state in the signifier of scarceness of H2O for both satisfaction of imbibing demands and irrigation demands. The consequences of adult male made crisis be seen as planetary heating and alteration in climatic conditions. The rain has become irregular because of perturbation in natural rhythm and hence do non make when one wants them. â€Å" A Drop Harvested is a Crop Harvested † dictates upon the importance of rain H2O harvest home. Thymine he measure of rainfall is fickle, decreased and unsure. Hence, demand for preservation has been felt much more than of all time before. In this survey, hydro-meteorological information is obtained from Indian Meteorological Station at Kumbhari, of Kopargaon taluka. To analyze the profile of land, study was carried out with Ttotal Station. Contour sheet was plotted with scale 1 † to 160 ‘ at 0.5 m contour interval. The infiltration rate of dirt was studied by dual ring infiltrometer. Depending upon design demands different overflow reaping constructions, like contour bunding, compartment bunding, nalah bunding and farm lb has been suggested. The survey shown that with the aid of reaping constructions 60 to 70 % of rainfall can be harvested. Cardinal words: Annually rainfall, Rain H2O reaping constructions, planetary heating, Entire Stationss, Profile, Contour, Infiltration, Double pealing infiltrometer. Introduction: It is good known that, the land force per unit area is increasing twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours due to population growing, doing the more and more H2O is required for domestic, agribusiness and industrial intents. At every topographic point there is ground H2O, but its geographic expedition needs money, as a consequence it becomes a restraint, nevertheless there are other restraints such as rainfall form, handiness of surface overflow and storage of H2O. Hence rain H2O reaping constructions are indispensable for effectual use of extra rainfall. Rainwater harvest home is the knowing aggregation of rainwater from a surface and its subsequent storage in order to provide H2O during the clip of demand. Rain-water harvest home is indispensable in position of the fact that rainfall, which is a beginning of fresh H2O, occurs in every short enchantments and runs off as a waste unless agreements are made for its storing ( NIH,1993 ) . In the present survey effort has been made to analyze the topography of the country, based on study work carried out utilizing entire Stationss. Besides the rainfall form for six old ages and dirt strata has been studied. The rain H2O reaping constructions were proposed based on topography, rainfall form, climatic conditions, and geological characteristics of the survey country. Site Detailss: The location of site is at Kokamthan, 03 km off from Kopargaon, District Ahmednagar. The Latitude and Departure of Sanvatsar small town are 190 54 ‘ N and 740 33 ‘ E severally. The country under probe is about 125 estates. River GODAVARI COMPOUND WALL 74.00 m PIMPLE TREENitrogen19.45 m ST-1 Figure-1: Site Detailss Data Collection: The informations aggregation portion of the country under probe has been loosely carried out in two parts, 1 ] Topographical surveies 2 ] Hydrological surveies Survey Record: – The study for the proposed site has been carried out with the aid of Entire Station DTM-352 and R.Ls of 405 Stationss are determined and listed in the tabular array below. Table-1 [ Sample record of observations ] Obs. no. Northing Easting R.Ls Description 1 0 0 100 ST1 2 -70.6743 -24.8749 98.5763 WC 3 -63.305 -35.5295 98.5771 RC1 4 -34.5137 -58.375 98.6694 RVC1 5 -27.3761 -34.3426 98.5275 RC2 6 -26.4177 -21.1967 98.363 WC2 Based on entire station observations, the Contour map has been prepared with a contour interval of 0.5m. , as shown in figure-3. It is observed that the elevational difference in the surveyed country in two terminals is about 2m. Rainfall Data: – The rainfall informations of last 20 old ages was obtained from the Irrigation Department and Indian Meteorological Department, Jeur Kumbhari. The information is tabulated as below and rainfall tendency has been observed as shown in figure-2. Table-2 [ 20 Year rainfall informations ] Year Rainfall ( millimeter ) 1987-88 520.4 1988-89 610.8 1989-90 715.6 1990-91 680.5 1991-92 500.4 1992-93 560.1 1993-94 180.4 1994-95 270.2 1995-96 165.8 1996-97 650.9 Year Rainfall ( millimeter ) 1997-98 353.6 1998-99 501.3 1999-00 311.5 2000-01 504.8 2001-02 477.2 2002-03 531.3 2003-04 376.6 2004-05 455.2 2005-06 484.4 2006-07 761.9 Figure- : 2 Rainfall Pattern. Structures. Figure- : 3 Contour Plan demoing RWH Structures. Proposed Action Plan: To plan the rain H2O reaping constructions, the rainfall, overflow, vaporization and ooze informations are basically required but these are by and large non available for most of the sites, nevertheless if these are available, the cost of an extended hydrologic probe is rarely justified. However, based on few chief factors impacting the design, a general guideline has been followed to plan the contour bund, compartment bund and nalah bund. Water harvest home and overflow recycling has four distinguishable constituents, viz. , aggregation ( reaping ) of surplus rainfall, efficient storage of harvest H2O, H2O application ( including lifting and conveyance ) and optimal use of applied H2O for maximal benefits. Based on the catchment country, rainfall, land incline and overflow volume, the suitableness demands of the farm pool has been proposed to build on both right and left side of the probe country. Decision: The basic thought behind rainwater harvest home is that the rainfall in India is extremely seasonal, with most of the precipitation happening within a few months of the twelvemonth and within that period the strength, being concentrated within a few hebdomads, that precipitation is besides extremely variable between different parts of the state and from twelvemonth to twelvemonth, that ‘s why it is necessary to hive away rainwater with assorted constructions suited for that country. The principal concern in set abouting this undertaking is to reload the land H2O, run into the industrial demand, protecting agribusiness from the vagaries of the monsoon, and carry through the domestic demand and to command the inundations to a certain extent. The elaborate contour study of country under probe at Sanvatsar was carried out with the aid of entire Station and contour sheet was plotted. By analyzing the dirt features, metrological factors, infiltration rate and land incline of the country under probe, we have suggested the contour bunding, compartment bunding, farm pool and nalah bunding as the rain H2O reaping constructions suited for that country. Looking into the different losingss and other factors it can besides be concluded that approximately 70 % of the rain falling in that country can be harvested. Looking into the scarceness of H2O and high energy input for H2O supply strategy, it should be made compulsory to implement such rain H2O reaping techniques so that the job of H2O scarceness can be minimized.

When I Have Fears and Mezzo Cammin Essay - 783 Words

Irene Lee Ms. Bufkin AP Lit and Comp 6 11 April 2011 Timed Essay Corrections—When I Have Fears and Mezzo Cammin As people near the time of their deaths, they begin to reflect upon the history and events of their own lives. Both John Keats’ â€Å"When I have Fears† and Henry Longfellow’s â€Å"Mezzo Cammin† reflect upon the speakers’ fears and thoughts of death. However, the conclusions between these two poems end quite differently. Although both reflect upon Death’s grasp, Keats’ displays an appreciation and subtle satisfaction with the wonders of life, while Longfellow morbidly mourns his past inactions and fears what events the future may bring. The two poems are similar in their corresponding feeling of dread for death. Using diction,†¦show more content†¦The speaker believes that love is hard to come by and that he is sad that he may not encounter it, since death is just around the corner. The speaker then also talks of â€Å"unreflecting love,† thus depicting that the speaker has never experienced real love and is unlikely to ever experience it, because he is so worried about death’s fast approach. However, at the end of â€Å"When I have Fears,† the speaker reflects that his goals for literary prowess and love are â€Å"nothingness† in comparison to the grand scope of things. There is hope after death, and Keats’ narrator finds solace in this. Although he has not achieved everything he had wanted, the speaker is still appreciative of what he was able to do. On the other hand, Longfellow’s speaker in â€Å"Mezzo Cammin† takes on a much more sorrowful and negative tone. Using diction of â€Å"half of my life,† â€Å"years slip,† and â€Å"not fulfilled,† Longellow shows that the speaker is really dreading and mourning his day to go. It seems that the speaker’s fear of death completely and irresolutely hinders him from accomplishing any of his goals. He is too busy being pessimistic about his life that he is unable to live in the present. He is also unable to dream into the future. Unlike Keats’ speaker, Longfellow’s speaker is completely stunted in from any possible growth. He is too stuck in the Past and its images of â€Å"smoking roof, soft bells, and gleaming lights.† This hazyShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"When I Have Fears† and â€Å"Mezzo Cammin† Essay981 Words   |  4 PagesStephanie Villalobos Mr. Domingo AP Literature; Period 2 August 23rd 2010 â€Å"When I Have Fears† and â€Å"Mezzo Cammin† Essay In the two poems, â€Å"When I Have Fears† by John Keats and â€Å"Mezzo Cammin† by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, both of the poets deal with the death that they believe is quickly approaching them and think back to their regrets in life. Keats during the time when this poem had been written had just seen his brother die of tuberculosis and due to this he believed he too would soon dieRead More`` Mezzo Cammin `` By Henry Wadsworth Longfellow And When I Have A Fear1155 Words   |  5 Pagesthe poems â€Å"Mezzo cammin† by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and â€Å" When I have a fear† by John keats, both poems themes are about the imminence of death and their unfulfilled dreams in life. There are many similarities in the poem but they are mostly in the beginning of the poems, the conclusion on the other hand is not similar. In â€Å"Mezzo cammin’’ the main theme of the poem is the reminisce of his dreams from the past. Keats poems emphasize a theme of the waste of a physical life and his fears associatedRead More`` Mezzo Cammin `` By Henry Wadsworth Longfellow And When I Have Fears1328 Words   |  6 Pagesis that of succumbing in pursuit of one’s aspirations, especially with the approach of death. The fear and enigmatic mystery of death at the brink of this shortcoming may cause one who is near death to re-evaluate life as a wasted opportunity or a broken path of dreams because of the inability to find any type of success. The sonnets â€Å"Mezzo Cammin† by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and â€Å"When I have Fears† by John Keats examine the thought processes of two people who submit to the struggles of life inRead MoreComparing The Poems When I Have Fears 1229 Words   |  5 Pagespoems â€Å"When I have Fears† by John Keats and â€Å"Mezzo Cammin† by Henry Longfellow have many similarities and differences in their tones, on their views on life and death, and on the symbolisms used to descri be the poets’ lives. The two poets can be seen as opposites as one is more hopeful and optimistic, while the other is more pessimistic and accepting of failure. A similarity between the two poems is that they both surround the fear of dying before accomplishing life dreams. In â€Å"When I have Fears†, KeatsRead MoreSimilarities Between Keats And Longfellow750 Words   |  3 PagesWhile both Keats and Longfellow often reflect on their own unfulfilled dreams and impending deaths, the poems however contrast on their own dispositions towards death and the future. Here, Keats expresses a fear of not having enough time to accomplish all that he believes he is capable of doing, but as he recognizes the enormity of the world and his own limitations of life, he realizes that his own mortal goals are meaningless in the long run of things. On the other hand, Longfellow speaks of aRead MoreKeats vs. Longfellow559 Words   |  2 Pagesboth Keats and Longfellow’s poems, â€Å"When I Have Fears† and â€Å"Mezzo Cammin,† focus on the unfulfillment of goals in life and the menacing appearance of death, their final assumptions of death are related but different. Both poems share similarity focusing on the poets’ thoughts as they contemplate the inevitability of their deaths and whether their accomplishments have meaning after death, but the poets exhibit a different attiutude towards their subject. Keats fears that he will not be able to fullyRead MorePoetry Essay Prompt2545 Words   |  11 PagesCitizen† (W.H. Auden) Prompt: In a brief essay, identify at least two of the implications implicit in the society reflected in the poem. Support your statements by specific references to the poem. 1972 NO POEM 1973 (exam not available) 1974 Poem: â€Å"I wonder whether one expects...† (No poet given) Prompt: Write a unified essay in which you relate the imagery of the last stanza to the speaker’s view of himself earlier in the poem and to his view of how others see poets. 1975 NO POEM 1976 Poem: â€Å"Poetry